https://utilitysansar.com/guides Practical, in-depth guides on the formats, encodings, and everyday calculations behind the tools on UtilitySansar. en Mon, 22 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://utilitysansar.com/guides/base64-vs-base64url https://utilitysansar.com/guides/base64-vs-base64url Standard Base64 uses + and /, which break inside URLs. base64url swaps them for - and _. Here's when to use each. Daniel Raja Mon, 22 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT encoding base64 url https://utilitysansar.com/guides/bikram-sambat-to-gregorian-guide https://utilitysansar.com/guides/bikram-sambat-to-gregorian-guide Bikram Sambat runs about 56 years and 8-9 months ahead of AD, with months that change length year to year. Here's how the two calendars actually line up. Daniel Raja Mon, 22 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT nepali dates bikram-sambat https://utilitysansar.com/guides/convert-nepali-dates-accurately https://utilitysansar.com/guides/convert-nepali-dates-accurately Converting a Nepali date for a passport or visa form leaves no room for an off-by-one error. Here's how to get it exactly right. Daniel Raja Mon, 22 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT nepali dates visa https://utilitysansar.com/guides/encoding-vs-encryption-vs-hashing https://utilitysansar.com/guides/encoding-vs-encryption-vs-hashing Encoding is not encryption, and hashing is neither. Mixing them up causes real security mistakes. Here's the plain-English difference. Daniel Raja Mon, 22 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT encoding security hashing https://utilitysansar.com/guides/how-to-read-a-jwt https://utilitysansar.com/guides/how-to-read-a-jwt A JWT is not encrypted. Its header and payload are just base64url and anyone can read them. Here's how, and what decoding does not prove. Daniel Raja Mon, 22 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT security jwt encoding https://utilitysansar.com/guides/md5-vs-sha256 https://utilitysansar.com/guides/md5-vs-sha256 MD5 is fine for a quick checksum but unsafe against tampering. SHA-256 is the secure default. Neither is right for passwords on its own. Daniel Raja Mon, 22 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT security hashing md5 https://utilitysansar.com/guides/nepali-unicode-vs-preeti-font https://utilitysansar.com/guides/nepali-unicode-vs-preeti-font Preeti looks like Nepali only when the font is installed; Unicode is real Nepali everywhere. Here's the difference and how to convert between them. Daniel Raja Mon, 22 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT nepali fonts unicode https://utilitysansar.com/guides/why-your-json-is-invalid https://utilitysansar.com/guides/why-your-json-is-invalid Most "invalid JSON" errors trace back to a handful of predictable mistakes. Here's how to find each one and fix it fast. Daniel Raja Mon, 22 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT json data validation