Guides by Daniel Raja
Base64 vs base64url: what's the difference?Standard Base64 uses + and /, which break inside URLs. base64url swaps them for - and _. Here's when to use each.Bikram Sambat to Gregorian (AD): the complete guideBikram Sambat runs about 56 years and 8-9 months ahead of AD, with months that change length year to year. Here's how the two calendars actually line up.How to convert Nepali dates accurately for visa and official formsConverting a Nepali date for a passport or visa form leaves no room for an off-by-one error. Here's how to get it exactly right.Encoding vs encryption vs hashing: what's the difference?Encoding is not encryption, and hashing is neither. Mixing them up causes real security mistakes. Here's the plain-English difference.How to read a JWT (without verifying it)A JWT is not encrypted. Its header and payload are just base64url and anyone can read them. Here's how, and what decoding does not prove.MD5 vs SHA-256: which hash should you use?MD5 is fine for a quick checksum but unsafe against tampering. SHA-256 is the secure default. Neither is right for passwords on its own.Nepali Unicode vs Preeti font: what's the difference (and how to convert)Preeti looks like Nepali only when the font is installed; Unicode is real Nepali everywhere. Here's the difference and how to convert between them.Why your JSON is invalid (and how to fix it fast)Most "invalid JSON" errors trace back to a handful of predictable mistakes. Here's how to find each one and fix it fast.