#encoding
Base64 vs base64url: what's the difference?
Standard Base64 uses + and /, which break inside URLs. base64url swaps them for - and _. Here's when to use each.
Daniel Raja
Software engineer and technical writer
Guides
Practical, in-depth guides on the formats, encodings, and everyday calculations behind our tools. Get a working answer fast, then stay for the depth.
#nepali
Bikram Sambat to Gregorian (AD): the complete guide
Bikram Sambat runs about 56 years and 8-9 months ahead of AD, with months that change length year to year. Here's how the two calendars actually line up.
Daniel Raja
Software engineer and technical writer
#nepali
How to convert Nepali dates accurately for visa and official forms
Converting a Nepali date for a passport or visa form leaves no room for an off-by-one error. Here's how to get it exactly right.
Daniel Raja
Software engineer and technical writer
#encoding
Encoding vs encryption vs hashing: what's the difference?
Encoding is not encryption, and hashing is neither. Mixing them up causes real security mistakes. Here's the plain-English difference.
Daniel Raja
Software engineer and technical writer
#security
How to read a JWT (without verifying it)
A JWT is not encrypted. Its header and payload are just base64url and anyone can read them. Here's how, and what decoding does not prove.
Daniel Raja
Software engineer and technical writer
#security
MD5 vs SHA-256: which hash should you use?
MD5 is fine for a quick checksum but unsafe against tampering. SHA-256 is the secure default. Neither is right for passwords on its own.
Daniel Raja
Software engineer and technical writer
#nepali
Nepali Unicode vs Preeti font: what's the difference (and how to convert)
Preeti looks like Nepali only when the font is installed; Unicode is real Nepali everywhere. Here's the difference and how to convert between them.
Daniel Raja
Software engineer and technical writer
#json
Why your JSON is invalid (and how to fix it fast)
Most "invalid JSON" errors trace back to a handful of predictable mistakes. Here's how to find each one and fix it fast.
Daniel Raja
Software engineer and technical writer